A capitalisation style where the first letter of each major word is capitalised. Articles (a, an, the), short prepositions (of, in, on), and conjunctions (and, but) are lowercased — except as the first word. AP, Chicago, and MLA differ on details (e.g. AP capitalises prepositions of 4+ letters).

How do you convert text to camelCase?

Remove spaces and punctuation, lowercase the first word, and capitalise the first letter of every subsequent word. "user account name" becomes "userAccountName". Used widely for variable and function names in JavaScript, Java, and Swift.

What is the difference between snake_case and kebab-case?

Both lowercase all words, but snake_case joins them with underscores (user_name) while kebab-case uses hyphens (user-name). Python and Ruby prefer snake_case for variables; CSS and URLs use kebab-case.

What are the title case rules for articles and prepositions?

AP style: lowercase articles (a, an, the), conjunctions (and, but, or), and prepositions of 3 letters or fewer (in, of, to). Capitalise everything else, plus always the first and last word. Chicago style is similar but capitalises prepositions of 5+ letters.

How do I convert uppercase to lowercase without retyping?

Paste your text into the toolkit and click the "lowercase" card — the conversion runs instantly and you can copy with one click. The shared text buffer means you can switch to other tools without re-pasting.

Case Converter

Transform text between UPPERCASE, lowercase, Title Case, camelCase, snake_case, and more.

0 words · 0 characters

Click any card to copy that conversion. Use the button to replace the text in the input above.

About this tool

Convert text between twelve common cases — UPPERCASE, lowercase, Title Case, Sentence case, camelCase, PascalCase, snake_case, kebab-case, CONSTANT_CASE, dot.case, aLtErNaTiNg, and iNVERSE — with one click per conversion. Each card shows a live preview so you can see the result before you copy.

The Case Converter handles common edge cases: title case follows AP-style article and preposition rules; sentence case capitalises after each terminator; programming cases strip punctuation cleanly. Useful for renaming database columns, normalising form input, or converting between language conventions.

Like every tool in the toolkit, the Case Converter shares its input with the other tools. Paste a paragraph of source text and switch tabs to count words or check readability without re-pasting.

The twelve cases

Each card converts your input to one specific case. The conversion runs instantly, with a live preview. Click "Copy" to put the result on your clipboard.

Case	Example	Common use
UPPERCASE	HELLO WORLD	Headings, emphasis, acronyms
lowercase	hello world	Body text, URLs, email addresses
Title Case	Hello World	Article titles, book titles, headlines
Sentence case	Hello world	Body-text headings, UI labels
camelCase	helloWorld	JavaScript variables, Java methods
PascalCase	HelloWorld	Class names in most OO languages
snake_case	hello_world	Python variables, database columns
kebab-case	hello-world	CSS classes, URL slugs
CONSTANT_CASE	HELLO_WORLD	Environment variables, constants
dot.case	hello.world	Configuration keys, namespaces
aLtErNaTiNg	hElLo WoRlD	Memes; rarely useful otherwise
iNVERSE	hELLO wORLD	Swap each character's case

How the title case rules work

Title case in the converter uses AP-style rules by default:

The first and last word are always capitalised.
Articles (a, an, the), coordinating conjunctions (and, but, or), and prepositions of three letters or fewer (in, of, to, on) are lowercased.
Prepositions of four or more letters (with, from, into, about) are capitalised — this is the main place AP and Chicago disagree.

If you're publishing under a Chicago Manual of Style house style, you'll want to manually lowercase any 4+ letter prepositions the converter capitalises. For the full breakdown of when each style applies, see our guide on AP vs Chicago style and our overview of title case vs sentence case.

Programming case conversions

The five programming cases (camelCase, PascalCase, snake_case, kebab-case, CONSTANT_CASE) all share the same underlying logic: they strip punctuation, split on word boundaries, then re-join with the appropriate separator and capitalisation. This means they handle input from any other case cleanly:

"user account name" → userAccountName (camel) or user_account_name (snake)
"USER ACCOUNT NAME" → userAccountName (camel) or user_account_name (snake)
"User-Account-Name" → userAccountName (camel) or user_account_name (snake)

This is useful for renaming database columns when migrating between conventions (Ruby's snake_case to JavaScript's camelCase), normalising form input before storage, or converting between programming language naming conventions.

Common use cases

Renaming database columns when migrating schemas
Converting CSV headers between conventions before import
Normalising URL slugs (Title Case → kebab-case)
Reformatting headlines pasted from another house style
Fixing all-caps emails sent from older systems
Generating camelCase variable names from English descriptions

A note on edge cases

Apostrophes: "don't" stays as "Don't" in title case; "you're" stays as "You're". The converter preserves the contraction.
Hyphens in compound words: "well-known" becomes "Well-Known" in title case (capitalising both sides of the hyphen, per Chicago).
Numbers and symbols: untouched in alphabetic cases; treated as word separators in programming cases.
Pure punctuation runs: "—" and "..." pass through unchanged.

Frequently asked questions

What is title case?
A capitalisation style where the first letter of each major word is capitalised. Articles (a, an, the), short prepositions (of, in, on), and conjunctions (and, but) are lowercased — except as the first word. AP, Chicago, and MLA differ on details (e.g. AP capitalises prepositions of 4+ letters).
How do you convert text to camelCase?
Remove spaces and punctuation, lowercase the first word, and capitalise the first letter of every subsequent word. "user account name" becomes "userAccountName". Used widely for variable and function names in JavaScript, Java, and Swift.
What is the difference between snake_case and kebab-case?
Both lowercase all words, but snake_case joins them with underscores (user_name) while kebab-case uses hyphens (user-name). Python and Ruby prefer snake_case for variables; CSS and URLs use kebab-case.
What are the title case rules for articles and prepositions?
AP style: lowercase articles (a, an, the), conjunctions (and, but, or), and prepositions of 3 letters or fewer (in, of, to). Capitalise everything else, plus always the first and last word. Chicago style is similar but capitalises prepositions of 5+ letters.
How do I convert uppercase to lowercase without retyping?
Paste your text into the toolkit and click the "lowercase" card — the conversion runs instantly and you can copy with one click. The shared text buffer means you can switch to other tools without re-pasting.